core/Database.php

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<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/../config/database.php';

class Database {
    private static $instance = null;
    private $connection;
    
    private function __construct() {
        try {
            $dsn = "mysql:host=" . DB_HOST . ";dbname=" . DB_NAME . ";charset=" . DB_CHARSET;
            $options = [
                PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
                PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
                PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false,
            ];
            $this->connection = new PDO($dsn, DB_USER, DB_PASS, $options);
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            Logger::error('Database connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage());
            throw new Exception('Database connection failed');
        }
    }
    
    public static function getInstance() {
        if (self::$instance === null) {
            self::$instance = new self();
        }
        return self::$instance;
    }
    
    public function getConnection() {
        return $this->connection;
    }
    
    public function query($sql, $params = []) {
        try {
            $stmt = $this->connection->prepare($sql);
            $stmt->execute($params);
            return $stmt;
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            Logger::error('Query failed: ' . $e->getMessage() . ' SQL: ' . $sql);
            throw $e;
        }
    }
    
    public function fetchAll($sql, $params = []) {
        return $this->query($sql, $params)->fetchAll();
    }
    
    public function fetchOne($sql, $params = []) {
        return $this->query($sql, $params)->fetch();
    }
    
    public function insert($table, $data) {
        $fields = array_keys($data);
        $placeholders = array_fill(0, count($fields), '?');
        $sql = "INSERT INTO {$table} (" . implode(', ', $fields) . ") VALUES (" . implode(', ', $placeholders) . ")";
        $this->query($sql, array_values($data));
        return $this->connection->lastInsertId();
    }